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Stem bromelain
Stem bromelain (SBM) (EC 3.4.22.32), a proteolytic enzyme, is a widely accepted phytotherapeutical drug member of the bromelain family of proteolytic enzymes obtained from Ananas comosus.〔Buck M (1998) Trifluoroethanol and colleagues: cosolvents come of age. Quart Rev Biophys 31: 297–355.〕 Some of the therapeutic benefits of SBM are reversible inhibition of platelet aggregation, angina pectoris, bronchitis, sinusitis, surgical traumas, thrombophlebitis, pyelonephritis and enhanced absorption of drugs, particularly of antibiotics.〔Thomas PD, Dill KA (1993) Local and nonlocal interactions in global proteins and mechanisms of alcohol denaturation. Protein Sci 2: 2050–2065.〕〔Liu Y, Bolen DW (1995) Peptide backbone plays a dominant role in protein stabilization by naturally occurring osmolytes, Biochemistry 34: 12884–12891.〕〔Blanco FJ, Jiménez MA, Pineda A, Rico M, Santoro J, Nieto JL (1994) NMR solution structure of the isolated N-terminal fragment of protein-G B1 domain. Evidence of trifluoroethanol induced native-like β-hairpin formation, Biochemistry 33: 6004–6014.〕 Its anti-metastasis and anti-inflammatory activities are apparently independent of its proteolytic activity.〔 Although poorly understood, the diverse pleiotrophic effects of SBM seem to depend on its ability to traverse the membrane barrier,〔Schönbrunner N, Wey J, Engels J, Gerog H, Kiefhaber T (1996) Native-like β-structure in a trifluoroethanol-induced partially folded state of the all β-sheet protein tendamistate. J Mol Biol 260: 432–445.〕〔Hirota N, Mizuno K, Goto Y (1998) Group additive contributions to the alcohol-induced α-helix formation of melittin. J Mol Biol 275: 365–378.〕 a very unusual property of this protein.
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